ipeline, originated in ancient China, was used for flood control and drainage system.

So in the long history of mankind, what was the early water pipe like? In fact, the wisdom of the ancients can amaze modern people countless times. Do you know when the underground drain pipe was built?

According to the archaeological excavation in 1979, three ceramic drainage pipes with a residual length of more than 5 meters were excavated from under the South Gate Road of the ancient city of Beijing, one below, and two on it. Each section of the pipes is 0.35-0.45 meters long. It was determined that it was about 4000 years ago.

The drainage pipeline in the Warring States and Qin Dynasties was discovered near the Afang Palace site in the western suburb of Xi'an in 2006! This group of ceramic drainage pipes has a section of 58 cm, with rope lines on the outside. One end is thick and the other is thin. The big end is covered with the small end. It is 78 meters long from east to west and 10 meters long from north to south. In addition, there is an 18 meter long north-south drainage pipeline in the West.

According to the unearthed pipelines, this place should be the drainage pipeline of the royal palace buildings in the Warring States and Qin Dynasties more than 2000 years ago.

The origin of the ancient drainage pipeline is accompanied by the formation and development of the city wall. The emergence and development of various drainage pipes are inextricably related to the city wall culture at that time and the process of ancient civilization. Take a look at this:

This was the Shang Dynasty more than 3300 years ago. After King Pan Geng moved to Yin, the social order was stable, and major achievements were made in politics, economy, culture, science and technology. This is the pottery water pipe unearthed in the Yin Ruins of Anyang. Its tee and direct style are almost the same as those of contemporary products.

In 2010, the 4000 year old pottery drainage pipe unearthed in pingliangtai ancient city of Huaiyang, Henan Province, was unveiled at the Shanghai World Expo.

The ancient urban drainage system in China originated very early. The ancient city of pingliangtai in Huaiyang, Henan Province, which was more than 4300 years ago, was found to have laid ceramic drainage pipes under the soil of nanmenmen road. These drainage systems have been continuously improved. Shuiguan (sluice) sites have also been found in some cities. After scientific archaeological excavation, there are Shuiguan sites in the Nanyue period in Guangzhou, Shuiguan sites in jinzhongdu in Beijing and Shuiguan sites in Yuandadu in Beijing.

In 2012, Chongqing Baolin Museum brought nearly 20 collections to a construction site in Dadukou District to make an exhibition for workers.

This is a well preserved drainage pipe of the Han Dynasty. It is 63 cm long, one end is large and the other is small. The widest part is about 20 cm and the narrowest part is 15 cm. The wall thickness is about 1.5cm, and the pipe wall is also covered with soil. It is reported that when two drainage pipes are connected, the small end is inserted into the large end, which can be stable and will not leak. The ancient sewers were connected one by one in this way. It is reported that today's outdoor drainage pipes are also large at one end and small at the other. They follow the ancient experience, but in order to strengthen, they will also be covered with rubber rings. "From its thickness, we can infer the population of the city at that time." If it is put to the present, it can provide drainage for 1000 people.

In 2014, the archaeological excavation of the Han Dong City site in Yongchuan District, Chongqing was recently accepted. This ancient city of the Tang and Song Dynasties not only unearthed a large number of fine porcelain, but also displayed the appearance of the Han Dong post, one of the 18 post houses in Chongqing in ancient times. The earthenware downpipes connected the residents' homes. Dai yubiao, the person in charge of the archaeological site, introduced that the main road of the ancient city is about 3 meters wide and is made of boulders with a thickness of about 10 cm. The subgrade is made of yellow clay and cobbles. The residential buildings are built near the road. The column holes, drainage ditches and the bases of the walls of the houses have been completely preserved. The drainage ditch is in the shape of a long strip. It is constructed of regularly processed stone slabs and can be drained as much as possible in the lathe. There are sewer pipes with a diameter of more than 10 cm built in the residential houses, all of which are made of clay. After connection, the sewage in the house is discharged to the drainage ditch outside the house. Dai yubiao said that the drainage system design here is very scientific, which ensures that the ancient city on the Yangtze River can withstand the ravages of heavy rain.

The Song Dynasty site excavated from the Han Dongcheng site in Yongchuan District, Chongqing

In August 2015, the construction personnel accidentally found a two meter long section of urban ceramic drainage pipe in the Ming and Qing dynasties at the demolition site of Xianfu road in the old city of Yichang. The drainage pipe has a history of two or three hundred years and is connected in a bamboo joint. Sun Weiyu, former director of Yichang municipal archives bureau, introduced after on-site inspection that the outer pattern of the drainage pipe is called "pure pattern", which was carved at the beginning of firing. The drainage pipe is produced by Shanxi kiln in Yichang and is mainly used for drainage of large buildings in the ancient city.

The world's modern pipeline began in the middle of the 19th century. In August 1859, the first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, the United States. From 1863 to 1865, the cast pipe was used to transport crude oil, but it could not be used in practice due to water leakage. It was not until 1895 that steel pipes with good quality were produced. In 1879, China used cast iron pipes to draw water from Longyin spring in Lushun city to supply water for the troops stationed in the division camp, which marked the beginning of introducing western water supply technology.